Nozzle Material Reference
Nozzle Material Max Temp Abrasion Resistance Thermal Conductivity Best For
Brass ~300°C Low ★★★★★ PLA, PETG, ABS, ASA, TPU — any non-abrasive filament
Hardened Steel >500°C High ★★★ All filaments including CF, GF, metal fills, high-temp
Stainless Steel >500°C Medium ★★ Food-safe applications, corrosive or reactive filaments
Plated Copper ~300°C Low ★★★★★ High-speed printing with standard filaments — superior heat transfer
Ruby / Sapphire >500°C ★★★★★ ★★ Any filament, maximum longevity — premium cost
Hotend Notes

PTFE-lined hotends (e.g. Creality stock) — the PTFE tube runs all the way to the nozzle. This limits safe printing to ~240°C. Above that, PTFE degrades and releases fumes. Suitable for PLA, PETG, and standard ABS only.

All-metal hotends (e.g. E3D V6, Dragon, Rapido) — no PTFE in the heat zone. Required for Nylon, PC, PEEK, and any high-temp material. Some flexible filaments (TPU) can be trickier without PTFE guide.

Nozzle size and particle fills — filled filaments (CF, GF, wood, metal) contain particles that can clog a 0.4mm nozzle. Consider a 0.5mm or 0.6mm nozzle to reduce clog risk, at the cost of some detail.